Nina Kazachkova was born in 1919 in Bryansk Oblast. She attended the Smolensk Medical Institute. By the time of the outbreak of the Soviet-German War in June 1941, she had completed four years of study, and had a surgery internship in Bryansk. The Ministry of Health (Narkomzdrav) allowed 4th- and 5th- year medical students to graduate ahead of time. They were called back from their practical training. Almost all of them were drafted into the Red Army, or sent to serve in evacuation hospitals. Nina volunteered to enlist. As a military doctor in the rank of captain, she was sent to an evacuation hospital. Shortly thereafter, she was transferred to a field hospital in Stalingrad. That was in 1942, at the time of the famous Battle of Stalingrad. Nina would recall how her team treated wounded soldiers near the battlefield – most often in trenches and tents, sometimes in the city's remaining intact buildings. She also served as head of a medical unit in the battles for the liberation of Kiev and Budapest, and saw action in Romania, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. She met V-E Day in Prague. In 1942, Nina Kazachkova was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” This was followed by the Order of the Red Star in 1944, for her participation in the battles over the Dnieper.
After the end of the war, Nina Kazachkova stayed on in the army for over a year, and retired from active duty in 1946. That same year, she resumed her studies at the Medical Institute, which had been interrupted by the outbreak of war. After graduating from the Institute, Nina returned to Bryansk. There, she married and had a son. For thirty years, Nina Kazachkova worked at a maternity hospital in Bryansk.
In 1997, she immigrated to Israel, and was active in the Israeli Union of World War II Veterans.