Approximately two-thirds of the Jewish refugees and displaced persons who lived on Italian soil after the war-some 50,000 people-made their way to Israel; the remaining third immigrated to the United States, Australia and Latin America. Only a few thousand remained in Italy.
After the war Italy was placed under the supervision the Allied armies, principally the British Army. The British authorities put pressure on the Italian government not to allow the masses of refugees to enter Italy, and not to permit refugees already in Italy to immigrate to Eretz Israel. In order to enable the unofficial entry of tens of thousands of refugees to Italy, to arrange their stay and make preparations for their illegal immigration to Eretz Israel, contact with various Italian authorities was necessary - without involving the British. Raffaele Cantoni, who was appointed President of the Union of Italian Jewish Communities, helped enormously in this regard and was in close contact with Yehuda Arazi and Ada Sereni, two of the heads of the Mossad LeAliyah Bet (responsible for the illegal immigration of Holocaust survivors to Eretz Israel) who came to Italy. The Italian authorities turned a blind eye to these activities.
The smuggling and illegal immigration network expanded rapidly. Jewish refugees streamed to Italy from all over Europe, on foot or by vehicle, at all hours of the day and night, and in all weathers. The Diaspora Center contacted Jewish centers in European countries where convoys of refugees had gathered, arranged a border-crossing time with each center, and coordinated transfer to kibbutzim and refugee camps in Italy, until the time came for the refugees to board ships for their immigration to Eretz Israel.
Mordehai Braun recalls the industry of forging passports for travelers to Eretz Israel:
I needed to make stamps, and the photo had to be changed… The photo was partially stamped, so I needed to match the stamp's position exactly… These were passports from Palestine, belonging to Poles, English and Dutchmen... We ran this operation as if we were in a consulate. Anybody who came to the base filled out a form… We also recruited art students to help fill out forms and forge clerks' handwriting… There was only a problem when we received, say, many Polish passports, because they [the students] didn't know Polish, and so it happened that sometimes they moved a line, and it came out that he [the refugee receiving the document] was of blonde height and with blue hair…
Itzhak Klein, one of the Selvino children, recalls the journey to Eretz Israel:
The goal – immigration to Eretz Israel. Establishing a kibbutz, building the country… At the end of the day, we are living the dream… They brought us here to the sea shore, a “Ma’apilim” ship was supposed to pick us up there, and then I suppose the whole business was discovered by the British and they took us from there… to Metaponto, next to Bari. There were many Holocaust survivors there who wanted to go to Israel…We were about 70 kids from Selvino with our counsellor Yeshayahu Flamholz who was older than the oldest boys by 2-3 years… Some time later the Haim Arlozorov ship arrived. At night they loaded the immigrants on board and once again we stayed below… Luba Eliav was the ship's officer and he decided to bring us up on deck. We boarded when the ship had almost cast off… The journey was very hard. There was terrible crowding… In the end, we didn't make it to Eretz Israel; we were taken to [the British detention camps in] Cyprus.