Until the "Kovno Aktion" in April 1943 the Jews were not accustomed to recite the kaddish prayer for the people who had been taken to Ponary because their fate was unknown… Although there were people who claimed that the meaning of "Ponary" was known, they weren't going rely on their own opinion to recite kaddish for their family members that had been sent there.
Mark Dworzecki, Jerusalem of Lithuania in Resistance and in the Holocaust, p. 280
![Group of Jews who were murdered in Vilna](https://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/styles/main_image/public/189AO4_.jpg?itok=SqDUgDbX)
Yad Vashem Photo Archives AO4/189
![Group of Jews who were murdered in Vilna](https://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/189AO4_.jpg?itok=jDSgcdnL)
![Notice inviting the public in the Vilna ghetto to a lecture about the Sadducees on Sunday, 5 July [1942] in the Butchers' "Kloize" (study hall), the seventh lecture in a Jewish history series by Eliezer Goldberg](https://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/styles/main_image/public/2074_102.jpg?itok=zrQSQtBG)
Yad Vashem Photo Archives 2074/102
![Notice inviting the public in the Vilna ghetto to a lecture about the Sadducees on Sunday, 5 July [1942] in the Butchers' "Kloize" (study hall), the seventh lecture in a Jewish history series by Eliezer Goldberg](https://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2074_102.jpg?itok=aTSScM4b)